前
|
Translingual
Stroke order | |||
---|---|---|---|
![]() |
Han character
前 (radical 18, 刀+7, 9 strokes, cangjie input 廿月中弓 (TBLN), four-corner 80221, composition ⿱䒑刖)
Derived characters
References
- KangXi: page 140, character 15
- Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 2011
- Dae Jaweon: page 318, character 6
- Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 1, page 248, character 4
- Unihan data for U+524D
Glyph origin
Historical forms of the character 前 | ||||
---|---|---|---|---|
Western Zhou | Warring States | Shuowen Jiezi (compiled in Han) | Liushutong (compiled in Ming) | |
Bronze inscriptions | Chu slip and silk script | Qin slip script | Small seal script | Transcribed ancient scripts |
![]() |
![]() |
![]() |
![]() |
![]() |
Originally 歬, an ideogrammic compound (會意): 止 (“foot”) + 舟 (“boat”) – a foot on a boat moving forward. Alternatively, 舟 represents a shoe (cf. Shuowen 履: 舟象履形) — a foot with a shoe on to walk forward.
In the current form, 止 is simplified to 䒑 and 舟 to 月. The current form with an additional 刀 (“knife”) is the original form of 剪 (“to cut”).
Etymology 1
simp. and trad. |
前 | |
---|---|---|
alternative forms | 偂 歬 𠝣 𣥑 𣦃 |
Templet:unknown (Schuessler, 2007).
Pronunciation
Lua error in Module:dng-pron at line 144: attempt to call field 'tr' (a nil value).
Definitions
前 [[Category:Templet:zh Han characterss|前]]
- front; forepart
- 前方 ― qiánfāng ― the front
- 前門 / 前门 ― qiánmén ― front door
- 往前走 ― wǎng qián zǒu ― to move forward
- 房子前有一棵樹。 / 房子前有一棵树。 ― Fángzi qián yǒu yī kē shù. ― There is a tree in front of the house.
- Antonym: 後/后
- 司馬喜難墨者師於中山王前以非攻。 [Classical Chinese, trad.]
- From: Lü Buwei, Master Lü's Spring and Autumn Annals, 239 BCE
- Sīmǎ Xǐ nàn Mòzhě Shī yú Zhōngshānwáng qián yǐ Fēigōng. [Pinyin]
- Sima Xi reproaches Shi the Mohist (or "a Mohist master") on the merit of "non-belligerence" before (lit., in front of) the King of Zhongshan.
司马喜难墨者师于中山王前以非攻。 [Classical Chinese, simp.]
- ago; before
- 以前 ― yǐqián ― previously; ago
- 前幾天 / 前几天 ― qián jǐ tiān ― the other day
- 史前時代 / 史前时代 ― shǐqián shídài ― prehistoric times
- 現在壓迫子女的,有時也就是十年前的家庭革命者。 [MSC, trad.]
- From: 1924, Lu Xun (魯迅), What happens to Nora after she leaves? (《娜拉走後怎樣》)
- Xiànzài yāpò zǐnǚ de, yǒushí yě jiùshì shíniánqián de jiātíng gémìngzhě. [Pinyin]
- Some of the current oppressors of children are precisely the revolutionaries of family life from ten years ago.
现在压迫子女的,有时也就是十年前的家庭革命者。 [MSC, simp.]
- past; previous; former; earlier
- 前任 ― qiánrèn ― predecessor
- 前副總統 / 前副总统 ― qián fùzǒngtǒng ― ex-vice president
- 前功盡棄 / 前功尽弃 ― qiángōngjìnqì ― all the previous effort is wasted
- 前漢 / 前汉 ― qiánhàn ― the Former (Western) Han
- 二三子!偃之言是也。前言戲之耳。 [Classical Chinese, trad.]
- From: The Analects of Confucius, circa 475 – 221 BCE, translated based on James Legge's version
- Èrsānzǐ! Yǎn zhī yán shì yě. Qián yán xìzhī ěr. [Pinyin]
- My disciples, Yan's words are right. What I said (just now) was only in sport.
二三子!偃之言是也。前言戏之耳。 [Classical Chinese, simp.]
- top; foremost; leading
- future; time ahead
- 前程 ― qiánchéng ― future; prospects
- to move forward
- 勇往直前 ― yǒngwǎngzhíqián ― to advance bravely
- 高祖醉,曰:「壯士行,何畏!」乃前,拔劍擊斬蛇。 [Classical Chinese, trad.]
- From: The Records of the Grand Historian, by Sima Qian, circa 91 BCE
- Gāozǔ zuì, yuē: “Zhuàngshì xíng, hé wèi!” Nǎi qián, bá jiàn jī zhǎn shé. [Pinyin]
- Emperor Gaozu, under the influence of alcohol, exclaimed "We are a band of heroes on the march. Fear not!" With these words, he went forward, unsheathed his sword, and decapitated the serpent with a stroke.
高祖醉,曰:“壮士行,何畏!”乃前,拔剑击斩蛇。 [Classical Chinese, simp.]- 齊宣王見顏斶,曰:「斶前!」斶亦曰:「王前!」 [Classical Chinese, trad.]
- From: Zhanguo Ce, circa 5th – 3rd centuries BCE
- Qí Xuānwáng jiàn Yán Chù, yuē: “Chù qián!” Chù yì yuē: “Wáng qián!” [Pinyin]
- King Xuan of Qi, giving Yan Chu an audience, called on him to come forward. Chu in response also called on the King to step forth.
齐宣王见颜斶,曰:“斶前!”斶亦曰:“王前!” [Classical Chinese, simp.]
- A surname.[[Category:Templet:zh surnames|前]]
Usage notes
前 may refer to either the past or the future depending on one's perspective that is often implied by the context idiomatically. The set phrase 前天 specifically refers to the day before yesterday.
Compounds
Descendants
Etymology 2
For pronunciation and definitions of 前 – see 剪 (“to cut”). (This character, 前, is an ancient form of 剪.) |
References
- “前”, in 漢語多功能字庫 (Multi-function Chinese Character Database)[1], 香港中文大學 (the Chinese University of Hong Kong), 2014–
- Dictionary of Chinese Character Variants (教育部異體字字典), A00355
- Templet:thcwd
Kanji
Readings
- Go-on: ぜん (zen, Jōyō)
- Kan-on: せん (sen)
- Kun: まえ (mae, 前, Jōyō)←まへ (mafe, historical); さき (saki, 前)
- Nanori: さき (saki); さと (sato); まい (mai)
Compounds
Etymology 1
Kanji in this term |
---|
前 |
まえ Grade: 2 |
kun’yomi |
From Old Japanese as a compound of 目 (ma, “eye”) + 方 (peTemplet:sub, “direction, -wards”).[1][2] Ultimately from Proto-Japonic *mapya.
Templet:IPAfont → /maɸe/ → /mawe/ → /maje/ → /mae/
Pronunciation
Noun
- the front
- 前へ進む
- mae e susumu
- to advance forwards
- (literally, “to advance towards the front”)
- Antonym: 後ろ (ushiro)
- 前へ進む
- the past
- 前から気になってたんだけど […]
- mae kara ki ni natteta n da kedo […]
- I've been thinking about it for a while, but […]
- ずっと前からそう思ってた
- zutto mae kara sō omotteta
- I've thought that for ages
- (literally, “I've been thinking that way since forever ago”)
- 前にも言ったように
- mae ni mo itta yō ni
- as I've said before
- (literally, “just as I have said in the past”)
- Antonym: 後 (ato)
- 前から気になってたんだけど […]
- previous
- 前の記事
- mae no kiji
- previous entries
- Antonym: 次 (tsugi)
- 前の記事
Suffix
前 (-mae)
- a portion, an amount
- 六人前の御膳
- rokunin-mae no go-zen
- a banquet for six people
- 六人前の御膳
Etymology 2
Kanji in this term |
---|
前 |
さき Grade: 2 |
kun’yomi |
For pronunciation and definitions of 前 – see 先. (This term, 前, is an alternative spelling of the above terms.) |
(The following entry is uncreated: 先.)
Etymology 3
Kanji in this term |
---|
前 |
ぜん Grade: 2 |
goon |
From Middle Chinese 前. Compare modern Script error: The function "cognate" does not exist. 前 (qián).
Pronunciation
Counter
前 (-zen)
- counter for irregularly shaped objects such as desks, armrests, and serving trays
- counter for kami and shrines
Prefix
前 (zen-)
Etymology 4
Kanji in this term |
---|
前 |
ぜ Grade: 2 |
kan’yōon |
Contraction of 御前 (goze), itself a contraction of 御前 (go-zen), an honorific form of address.[1][2]
Pronunciation
Suffix
前 (-ze)
- (rare) an honorific suffix added to a noun denoting a person
- 尼前
- ama-ze
- (honorable) nun
- 尼前
References
- ↑ 1.0 1.1 1988, 国語大辞典(新装版) (Kokugo Dai Jiten, Revised Edition) (in Japanese), Tōkyō: Shogakukan
- ↑ 2.0 2.1 2.2 2.3 2006, 大辞林 (Daijirin), Third Edition (in Japanese), Tōkyō: Sanseidō, →ISBN
- ↑ 3.0 3.1 1998, NHK日本語発音アクセント辞典 (NHK Japanese Pronunciation Accent Dictionary) (in Japanese), Tōkyō: NHK, →ISBN
- ↑ 1997, 新明解国語辞典 (Shin Meikai Kokugo Jiten), Fifth Edition (in Japanese), Tōkyō: Sanseidō, →ISBN
Korean
Etymology
From Middle Chinese 前. Templet:hanja-ety
Pronunciation
Hanja
Compounds
- 여전 (如前, yeojeon)
- 전제 (前提, jeonje)
- 이전 (以前, ijeon)
- 오전 (午前, ojeon)
- 사전 (事前, sajeon)
- 종전 (從前, jongjeon)
- 전초 (前哨, jeoncho)
- 전후 (前後, jeonhu)
- 전직 (前職, jeonjik)
- 직전 (直前, jikjeon)
- 전년 (前年, jeonnyeon)
- 전진 (前進, jeonjin)
- 전례 (前例, jeollye)
- 전자 (前者, jeonja)
- 전방 (前方, jeonbang)
- 전진 (前陳, jeonjin)
- 전대 (前代, jeondae)
- 전력 (前歷, jeollyeok)
- 전조 (前兆, jeonjo)
- 전기 (前期, jeon'gi)
- 전선 (前線, jeonseon)
- 전략 (前略, jeollyak)
- 전위 (前衛, jeonwi)
- 전임 (前任, jeonim)
- 전도 (前途, jeondo)
- 생전 (生前, saengjeon)
- 전생 (前生, jeonsaeng)
- 전문 (前文, jeonmun)
- 전과 (前科, jeon'gwa)
- 전경 (前景, jeon'gyeong)
- 전월 (前月, jeonwol)
- 전차 (前次, jeoncha)
- 전편 (前篇, jeonpyeon)
- 전회 (前回, jeonhoe)
- 향전 (向前, hyangjeon)
- 전면 (前面, jeonmyeon)
- 전야 (前夜, jeonya)
- 문전 (門前, munjeon)
- 전기 (前記, jeon'gi)
- 전전 (前前, jeonjeon)
- 목전 (目前, mokjeon)
- 전망 (前望, jeonmang)
- 전세 (前世, jeonse)
- 면전 (面前, myeonjeon)
- 전분 (前分, jeonbun)
- 전신 (前身, jeonsin)
- 전주 (前週, jeonju)
- 전인 (前人, jeonin)
- 등전 (燈前, deungjeon)
- 식전 (食前, sikjeon)
- 혼전 (婚前, honjeon)
- 어전 (御前, eojeon)
- 전연 (前緣, jeonyeon)
- 일전 (日前, iljeon)
- 전일 (前日, jeonil)
- 사전 (死前, sajeon)
- 현전 (現前, hyeonjeon)
References
- 국제퇴계학회 대구경북지부 (國際退溪學會 大邱慶北支部) (2007). Digital Hanja Dictionary, 전자사전/電子字典. [2]
Vietnamese
Han character
前: Hán Nôm readings: tiền, tèn
- This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.
- Pages with script errors
- CJK Unified Ideographs block
- Han script characters
- Translingual lemmas
- Translingual symbols
- Tok Saina
- Han ideogrammic compounds
- Mandarin terms with usage examples
- Literary Chinese terms with quotations
- Mandarin terms with quotations
- Chinese lemmas
- Mandarin lemmas
- Cantonese lemmas
- Gan lemmas
- Hakka lemmas
- Jin lemmas
- Min Bei lemmas
- Min Dong lemmas
- Min Nan lemmas
- Teochew lemmas
- Wu lemmas
- Xiang lemmas
- Chinese nouns
- Mandarin nouns
- Cantonese nouns
- Gan nouns
- Hakka nouns
- Jin nouns
- Min Bei nouns
- Min Dong nouns
- Min Nan nouns
- Teochew nouns
- Wu nouns
- Xiang nouns
- Chinese verbs
- Mandarin verbs
- Cantonese verbs
- Gan verbs
- Hakka verbs
- Jin verbs
- Min Bei verbs
- Min Dong verbs
- Min Nan verbs
- Teochew verbs
- Wu verbs
- Xiang verbs
- Chinese terms with IPA pronunciation
- Chinese hanzi
- Elementary Mandarin
- Beginning Mandarin
- Tok Siapan
- Japanese Han characters
- Grade 2 kanji
- Japanese kanji with kun reading まえ
- Japanese kanji with historical kun reading まへ
- Japanese kanji with kun reading さき
- Japanese kanji with kan'on reading せん
- Japanese kanji with goon reading ぜん
- Japanese kanji with nanori reading さき
- Japanese kanji with nanori reading さと
- Japanese kanji with nanori reading まい
- Japanese terms spelled with 前 read as まえ
- Japanese terms read with kun'yomi
- Japanese terms inherited from Old Japanese
- Japanese terms derived from Old Japanese
- Japanese compound words
- Japanese terms inherited from Proto-Japonic
- Japanese terms derived from Proto-Japonic
- Japanese terms with IPA pronunciation
- Japanese lemmas
- Japanese nouns
- Japanese terms spelled with second grade kanji
- Japanese terms written with one Han script character
- Japanese terms spelled with 前
- Japanese single-kanji terms
- Japanese terms with usage examples
- Japanese suffixes
- Japanese terms spelled with 前 read as さき
- Japanese redlinks/ja-see
- Japanese terms spelled with 前 read as ぜん
- Japanese terms read with on'yomi
- Japanese terms borrowed from Middle Chinese
- Japanese terms derived from Middle Chinese
- Japanese counters
- Japanese prefixes
- Japanese terms spelled with 前 read as ぜ
- Japanese terms with rare senses
- Korean terms derived from Middle Chinese
- Korean lemmas
- Korean Han characters
- Vietnamese Han characters with unconfirmed readings
- Vietnamese lemmas
- Vietnamese Han characters
- Requests for definitions in Vietnamese entries